Ed Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Ed Philosophy Essay Theory of training can allude to either the scholastic field of applied way of thinking or to one of any instructive ways of thinking that advance a particular sort or vision of instruction, as well as which look at the definition, objectives and significance of instruction. As a scholarly field, reasoning of instruction is the philosophical investigation of training and its issues its focal topic is instruction, and its techniques are those of theory. [1] The way of thinking of training might be either the way of thinking of the procedure of instruction or the way of thinking of the order of training. That is, it might be a piece of the order in the feeling of being worried about the points, structures, techniques, or aftereffects of the way toward teaching or being taught; or it might be metadisciplinary in the feeling of being worried about the ideas, points, and strategies for the control. [2] As such, it is both piece of the field of training and a field of applied way of thinking, drawing from fields of transcendentalism, epistemology, axiology and the philosophical methodologies (theoretical, prescriptive, and additionally systematic) to address inquiries in and about teaching method, instruction strategy, and educational program, just as the way toward learning, to give some examples. [3] For instance, it may consider what establishes childhood and instruction, the qualities and standards uncovered through childhood and instructive practices, the cutoff points and legitimization of training as a scholarly control, and the connection between instructive hypothesis and practice. Rather than being instructed in theory divisions, reasoning of training is typically housed in offices or universities of instruction, like how theory of law is for the most part educated in graduate schools. [1] The different methods of considering training combined with the various fields and approaches of reasoning make theory of instruction an extremely assorted field as well as one that isn't effectively characterized. In spite of the fact that there is cover, reasoning of training ought not be conflated with instructive hypothesis, which isn't characterized explicitly by the use of theory to inquiries in training. Theory of instruction additionally ought not be mistaken for reasoning training, the act of educating and learning the subject of theory. Reasoning of training can likewise be comprehended not as a scholastic control however as a regulating instructive hypothesis that binds together teaching method, educational plan, learning hypothesis, and the motivation behind instruction and is grounded in explicit supernatural, epistemological, and axiological presumptions. These hypotheses are likewise called instructive ways of thinking. For instance, an educator may be said to follow a perennialist instructive way of thinking or to follow a perennialist theory of training. Substance * 1 Philosophy of Education * 1. 1 Idealism * 1. 1. 1 Plato * 1. 1. 2 Immanuel Kant * 1. 1. 3 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel * 1. 2 Realism * 1. 2. 1 Aristotle * 1. 2. 2 Avicenna * 1. 2. 3 Ibn Tufail * 1. 2. 4 John Locke * 1. 2. 5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau * 1. 2. 6 Mortimer Jerome Adler * 1. 2. 7 Harry S. Broudy * 1. 3 Scholasticism * 1. 3. 1 Thomas Aquinas * 1. 3. 2 John Milton * 1. 4 Pragmatism * 1. 4. 1 John Dewey * 1. 4. 2 William James * 1. 4. 3 William Heard Kilpatrick * 1. 4. 4 Nel Noddings * 1. 4. 5 Richard Rorty * 1. 5 Analytic Philosophy * 1. 5. 1 Richard Stanley Peters * 1. 5. 2 Paul H. Hirst * 1. 6 Existentialism * 1. 6. 1 Karl Jaspers * 1. 6. 2 Martin Buber * 1. 6. 3 Maxine Greene * 1. 7 Critical Theory * 1. 7. 1 Paulo Freire * 1. 8 Postmodernism * 1. 8. 1 Martin Heidegger * 1. 8. 2 Hans-Georg Gadamer * 1. 8. 3 Jean-Francois Lyotard * 1. 8. 4 Michel Foucault * 2 Normative Educational Philosophies * 2. 1 Perennialism * 2. 1. 1 Allan Bloom * 2. 2 Progressivism * 2. 2. 1 Jean Piaget * 2. 2. 2 Jerome Bruner * 2. 3 Essentialism * 2. 3. 1 William Chandler Bagley * 2. 4 Social Reconstructionism and Critical Pedagogy * 2. 4. 1 George Counts * 2. 4. 2 Maria Montessori * 2. 5 Waldorf * 2. 5. 1 Rudolf Steiner * 2. 6 Democratic Education * 2. 6. 1 A. S. Neill * 2. 7 Classical Education * 2. 7. 1 Charlotte Mason * 2. 8 Unschooling * 2. 8. 1 John Holt * 2. 8. 2 Contemplative instruction * 3 Professional associations and affiliations * 4 References * 5 Further perusing * 6 External links| Philosophy of Education Idealism Plato Inscribed herma of Plato. (Berlin, Altes Museum). Principle article: Plato Date: 424/423 BC 348/347 BC Platos instructive way of thinking was grounded in his vision of the perfect Republic, wherein the individual was best served by being subjected to an equitable society. He upheld expelling kids from their moms care and raising them as dependents of the government, with extraordinary consideration being taken to separate kids reasonable to the different stations, the most noteworthy getting the most training, so they could go about as gatekeepers of the city and care for the less capable. Instruction would be all encompassing, including realities, aptitudes, physical control, and music and craftsmanship, which he thought about the most elevated type of try. Plato accepted that ability was appropriated non-hereditarily and consequently should be found in youngsters conceived in any social class. He expands on this by demanding that those appropriately skilled are to be prepared by the state so they might be able to accept the job of a decision class. What this builds up is basically an arrangement of specific state funded instruction introduced on the presumption that an informed minority of the populace are, by ethicalness of their training (and characteristic educability), adequate for sound administration. Platos works contain a portion of the accompanying thoughts: Elementary instruction would be limited to the gatekeeper class till the age of 18, trailed by two years of mandatory military preparing and afterward by advanced education for the individuals who qualified. While rudimentary instruction made the spirit receptive to the earth, advanced education helped the spirit to scan for truth which lit up it. The two young men and young ladies get a similar sort of instruction. Basic instruction comprised of music and vaulting, intended to prepare and mix delicate and furious characteristics in the individual and make an amicable individual. At the age of 20, a determination was made. The best one would take a propelled course in science, geometry, stargazing and music. The principal course in the plan of advanced education would keep going for a long time. It would be for the individuals who had an energy for science. At 30 years old there would be another choice; the individuals who qualified would contemplate logic and transcendentalism, rationale and theory for the following five years. They would contemplate the possibility of good and first standards of being. Subsequent to tolerating junior situations in the military for a long time, a man would have finished his hypothetical and commonsense training by the age of 50. Immanuel Kant Main article: Immanuel Kant Date: 1724â€1804 Immanuel Kant accepted that instruction contrasts from preparing in that the last includes thinking while the previous doesn't. Notwithstanding instructing reason, of focal significance to him was the advancement of character and educating of good adages. Kant was an advocate of government funded training and of learning by doing. [4] Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Main article: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Date: 1770â€1831 Realism Aristotle Bust of Aristotle. Roman duplicate after a Greek bronze unique by Lysippos from 330 B. C. Fundamental article: Aristotle Date: 384 BC 322 BC Only parts of Aristotles treatise On Education are still in presence. We accordingly know about his way of thinking of instruction essentially through brief sections in different works. Aristotle thought about human instinct, propensity and motivation to be similarly significant powers to be developed in instruction. [1] Thus, for instance, he believed reiteration to be a key device to grow great propensities. The instructor was to lead the understudy methodicallly; this varies, for instance, from Socrates accentuation on scrutinizing his audience members to draw out their own thoughts (however the examination is maybe incoherent since Socrates was managing grown-ups). Aristotle put extraordinary accentuation on adjusting the hypothetical and functional parts of subjects instructed. Subjects he expressly makes reference to as being significant included perusing, composing and arithmetic; music; physical instruction; writing and history; and a wide scope of sciences. He additionally referenced the significance of play. One of trainings essential missions for Aristotle, maybe its generally significant, was to create acceptable and highminded residents for the polis. All who have mulled over the specialty of administering humankind have been persuaded that the destiny of realms relies upon the instruction of youth. [2] Avicenna Main article: Avicenna Date: 980 AD 1037 AD In the medieval Islamic world, a grade school was known as a maktab, which goes back to at any rate the tenth century. Like madrasahs (which alluded to advanced education), a maktab was regularly connected to a mosque. In the eleventh century, Ibn Sina (known as Avicenna in the West), composed a part managing the maktab entitled The Role of the Teacher in the Training and Upbringing of Children, as a manual for educators working at maktab schools. He composed that youngsters can learn better whenever instructed in classes rather than singular educational cost from private mentors, and he gave various purposes behind why this is the situation, refering to the estimation of rivalry and imitating among understudies just as the helpfulness of gathering conversations and discussions. Ibn Sina depicted the educational plan of a maktab school in some detail, portraying the educational plans for two phases of training in a maktab school. [5] Ibn Sina composed that youngsters ought to be sent to a maktab school from the age of 6 and be instructed essential training until they arrive at the age of 14. During which time, he composed that they ought to be shown the Quran, Islamic mysticism, language, writing, Islamic morals, and manual aptitudes (which could allude to an assortment of commonsense abilities). [5] Ibn Sina alludes to the auxiliary instruction phase of maktab tutoring as the time of specializatio

Apush Slavery Dbq

Both the free African Americans and subjugated stood up to and persevere through the difficulties they looked as they battled for rights and correspondence. The Revolutionary War was a central point in the improvement of servitude during that timeframe. During the early months of the war, the Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation was composed which proclaimed all slaves free in the event that they waged war against the American homesteaders. (Doc A) The British exploited the slaves’ want for opportunity to disturb the American’s war endeavors. Abolitionist suppositions were flowing in the North because of the thoughts of the war. Nonetheless, in the South, the whites accepted that they had the right to possess the slaves and that it would make sure about the opportunity that they were battling for. After the Americans won the war, servitude was abrogated in the North and further importation of slaves was denied. In any case, subjugation was all the while progressing in the southern and outskirt states. Manumission, the demonstration of liberating slaves, was before long happening in the 1790’s in light of the fact that individuals began to feel that subjugation was terrible on the grounds that it conflicted with the standards of the Revolutionary War. Adventure Smith’s Narrative was a case of manumission as the slave paid for his opportunity. (Doc F) This was a typical go about the same number of slaves were liberated as such during the 1790’s. The Revolutionary War and the beliefs rotating around it added to the expanded number of free African Americans. Related article: Apush Taxation Without Representation Dbq Be that as it may, even as an ever increasing number of slaves were being liberated, the organization of servitude was extending as well. The southern territories of the United States had an expanding number of slaves from 1790 to 1830. In 1790, just the southern states along the east coast and a zone around the Ohio River had a mind-boggling percent of slaves. This expanded as in 1830, practically all the southern states up to the Mississippi River had an enormous gathering of slaves. (Doc C) An explanation behind such an expansion in slaves was because of the development of the cotton gin. This prompted a recovery in bondage because of the expansion measure of cotton homesteads to oblige the requests from England. Cotton destroyed the farmland and this prompted development west as the dirt depleted which clarifies the expanding pattern of slaves in the southern states. During a similar period, both free African Americans and oppressed ones confronted difficulties as they attempted to pick up rights and opportunity. Free African Americans felt they reserved the privilege to cast a ballot and â€Å"no tax collection without representation†. They felt that since they battled alongside the pilgrims in the Revolutionary War for similar beliefs then they ought to reserve the privileges to it rather than it being forced on them now. Doc B) Even however some African Americans were liberated, they were not saved from separation and misuse. Free African Americans in Boston needed to manage with every day affronts and physical maltreatment in the city. Pictures of African American’s disfigurement were additionally basic put in zones of urban areas and towns. (Doc I) David Walker was an abol itionist who called for blacks to wage war and retaliate against the whites. Walker accepted that the blacks ought to be similarly as free as Americans and it will simply wind up harming the Americans if the blacks need to acquire their opportunity by battling. Doc J) There have been visit slave uprisings in anticipation of getting opportunity. The Haitian Revolution prompted an expansion in slave revolts as slaves gain trust subsequent to seeing the fruitful insurgency in Haiti. Both the liberated and subjugated African Americans confronted their difficulties by suffering and waging war against the whites. Generally speaking, the Revolutionary War and its beliefs prompted the manumission of numerous slaves. The cotton gin was a main consideration of the recovery of servitude in the south. Both the liberated and subjugated African Americans battled for their fairness and rights. Because of these changes, the African American’s job in the public arena is rethought. Apush Slavery Dbq Both the free African Americans and subjugated went up against and persevere through the difficulties they looked as they battled for rights and correspondence. The Revolutionary War was a main consideration in the advancement of bondage during that timeframe. During the early months of the war, the Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation was composed which announced all slaves free in the event that they waged war against the American homesteaders. (Doc A) The British exploited the slaves’ want for opportunity to disturb the American’s war endeavors. Abolitionist suppositions were flowing in the North because of the thoughts of the war. Nonetheless, in the South, the whites accepted that they had the right to possess the slaves and that it would make sure about the opportunity that they were battling for. After the Americans won the war, bondage was nullified in the North and further importation of slaves was precluded. Nonetheless, bondage was all the while progressing in the southern and outskirt states. Manumission, the demonstration of liberating slaves, was before long happening in the 1790’s on the grounds that individuals began to feel that servitude was terrible in light of the fact that it conflicted with the beliefs of the Revolutionary War. Adventure Smith’s Narrative was a case of manumission as the slave paid for his opportunity. (Doc F) This was a typical go about the same number of slaves were liberated as such during the 1790’s. The Revolutionary War and the goals rotating around it added to the expanded number of free African Americans. Related article: Apush Taxation Without Representation Dbq Be that as it may, even as an ever increasing number of slaves were being liberated, the establishment of subjugation was growing as well. The southern regions of the United States had an expanding number of slaves from 1790 to 1830. In 1790, just the southern states along the east coast and a region around the Ohio River had a staggering percent of slaves. This expanded as in 1830, practically all the southern states up to the Mississippi River had a huge gathering of slaves. (Doc C) A purpose behind such an expansion in slaves was because of the innovation of the cotton gin. This prompted a restoration in subjugation because of the expansion measure of cotton ranches to oblige the requests from England. Cotton demolished the farmland and this prompted extension west as the dirt depleted which clarifies the expanding pattern of slaves in the southern states. During a similar period, both free African Americans and oppressed ones confronted difficulties as they attempted to pick up rights and opportunity. Free African Americans felt they reserved the privilege to cast a ballot and â€Å"no tax assessment without representation†. They felt that since they battled alongside the settlers in the Revolutionary War for similar beliefs then they ought to reserve the options to it rather than it being forced on them now. Doc B) Even however some African Americans were liberated, they were not saved from separation and misuse. Free African Americans in Boston needed to hold up under with every day affronts and physical maltreatment in the city. Pictures of African American’s disfigurement were likewise basic put in zones of urban communities and towns. (Doc I) David Walker was an abolitionist who called for blacks to wage war and retaliate against the whites. Walker accepted that the blacks ought to be similarly as free as Americans and it will simply wind up harming the Americans if the blacks need to get their opportunity by battling. Doc J) There have been visit slave uprisings in anticipation of acquiring opportunity. The Haitian Revolution prompted an expansion in slave revolts as slaves gain trust subsequent to seeing the fruitful unrest in Haiti. Both the liberated and oppressed African Americans confronted their difficulties by suffering and waging war against the whites. Generally, the Revolutionary War and its standards prompted the manumission of numerous slaves. The cotton gin was a central point of the recovery of subjection in the south. Both the liberated and oppressed African Americans battled for their balance and rights. Because of these changes, the African American’s job in the public eye is rethought.

Corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate technique - Essay Example Shortcomings additionally incorporate the serious edge of organizations like Apple and the iPad gadget that is relied upon by numerous specialists to have a high portion of the market before the finish of 2011. Rivalry is a shortcoming to pushing ahead and picking up benefit in certain market conditions along these lines. Qualities incorporate shopper enthusiasm for new advancements that are being given by pc creators both in the designing condition and in the customer segment. Online websites that give transient exposure further fortify this intrigue when seeing trustworthy, industry related articles on the Internet. Some even anticipated a 6.1 percent development in this market. Qualities are additionally customer interest for these items that is worked by business and individual way of life. Openings incorporate finding new promoting techniques . This would outflank different organizations and remove a portion of the notoriety from their items in the event that it has an associati on with purchaser markets. This is valid with customer showcases just and doesn't appear to affect huge business purchasers. Dangers to the business incorporate rising rivalry and quicker yield of imaginative and serious items in numerous business sectors. Dangers to the plan of action are additionally value delicate issues spilling into more lucrative client bunches because of monetary conditions or drops sought after. New business oppportunity So quite a bit of it would rely upon the assembling capacity of the organization alongside the expenses of crude items so as to choose which market is ideal or most exceedingly terrible. The work horse has the most committed clients and in this manner has less space for development. It requests more execution which would modify the expenses of gracefully methodology. Despite the fact that it is a more significant expense, it just has significance in workplaces that will consider just a great deal more development. Mercedes is a long way from elite on the situating map. Yet, the fragment data shows an a lot littler section, anyway considerably less buying recurrence. It would require top performing items to cause it to work to particulars. This is a cost factor when pondering creation. The development pace of designing and assembling organizations doesn't appear to be as quick as once previously. Speed of new client picking up would be constrained in this market and the more significant expense would most likely not counterbalance the expenses of attempting to catch the market. The voyager needs a PC for use in business. It shows value delicate purchasers and this is likewise recognizable in how organizations may be utilizing cost to show their market separation. IDC is utilizing showcasing technique utilizing value mindfulness and other intelligent ideas while advancing their frameworks (Idc.com, 2011). On the off chance that there is the capability of a valuing war in a bigger estimated advertise fragment identified w ith rivalry, it probably won't speak to a drawn out circumstance. Simultaneously there is a need as opposed to an individual inclination in regards to the requirement for the explorer item that will settle on their choices. There is significantly less feeling joined to this item at that point and more choices that depend on esteem and likely unwavering quality. Rivalry from items like the iPad would likewise negatively affect this market. The work horse is the best market to permit contenders to serve since it will likely not grow farther than it has just been created to be for use in individualized computing. Without a conventional development that requires substitution of their present items, the item lifecycle is a long one preceding

Reasons For The Financial Markets Existence Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The statement in question is also one of the features and probably a very important function of the global financial system. If the system aligns the need of the deficit unit with the surplus, then the systemic failings of global magnitude are presumed to be unlikely. This is probably why there are certain methodologies of operations adopted in the system which would holds the statement true and would help prevent any unforeseen event. However, the past decade has proven otherwise. It has challenged all assumptions and brought about a change in the system which would have never been imagined. The recent financial crisis has taught many lessons which have been transformed into thousands of books offering different explanations to one simple question, what went wrong? There are two distinct groups in an economy. Firstly, the one who have surplus funds more than their expenditure and the other whose expenditure are more than their sources of income. The former are known a s surplus agents while the latter as deficit agents. These two groups are critical factors in an economy. The surplus agents comprises of firms and individuals whose motive to save funds is to meet future needs or come out best during any unforeseen circumstance. Even the investment decisions made by the surplus agents would be in a product which provides them a suitable combination of liquidity, returns and protection again inflation (Pilbeam, 2005). On the other hand, Deficit agents comprises of individuals, firms, government agencies whose motive for borrowing funds are diverse and wide. The investment made by the deficit agents takes a longer time to yield profits for the firm hence they require long term funding for their investments. The investments made by deficit agents are particularly risky hence, many firms are keen to raise finance through the means of equity whereby shares are offered to the public for subscription and the return to the holders of the equity depends upon the profitability of the firm. Individuals borrow to fund expenses which are above their current sources of income. The need of deficit agents is met by the surplus agents through financial intermediaries. The primary role of the financial intermediaries is to assist in transfer of funds from the surplus agents to the deficit agents. During the process of transfer there are several economic functions that the intermediary undertakes (Pilbeam, 2005). Transformation of Risk A financial intermediary pools together the funds from the surplus agents and allocates them to deficit agents. Effective risk reduction and cost effectiveness is achieved when the process is carried through a financial intermediary. Provisioning Liquidity High degree of liquidity if required by the surplus agents. Provisioning of liquidity is one of the important functions carried out by the intermediary. Provisioning the mechanism of making payments Financial intermediaries like bank and non bank financial intermediaries facilitate transfer of cash between the agents. Effectiveness of the payment systems is important for the sound health of the modern economy. Maturity transformation A financial intermediary like a commercial bank would be involved in converting short term liabilities into long term loans for deficit agents from surplus agents. Diversifying the fund allocate reduces risks and allows predictability of inflow and outflow of funds. Reducing costs Surplus agents lack adequate resources to look for deficit agents and analyse their financial history. Entering into contractual obligations can cause considerable economies on scale for the surplus agents. Hence, they look upto the financial intermediary who have the specialized knowledge and skill to serve the surplus agents. Mishkin and Eakins (2006) discuss that financial intermediaries can substantially reduce transaction costs that can be defined as the time and money spent in performing fin ancial transactions for instance the exchange of assets, goods or services. For the sound functioning of the modern economy, Financial Intermediaries play a very important role. Through the medium of the intermediary, transfer process is carried out in cost effective and a secured manner. Though with the advent of modern technology, the benefit of cost saving that an intermediary provides has become redundant, its still the market expertise and knowledge base that make the role of a financial intermediary ever so important. The recent financial crisis which was termed which was probably the worst crisis since the great depression bought out several weaknesses in the financial systems that existed. Even though, there were early warning signs, the savings and loan disaster which resulted in over one thousand banks failing due to bad economic policies. After which the dot com bubble which bought out just how irrational investments by the financial institutions can cost dear. Duri ng the year 1998, a company called Long Term Capital Management which had equity of just $5billion; borrowed over $125 billion demonstrating how one fund can put an entire financial system at risk. Is it right to blame the financial intermediaries or the regulators or the government for the mess that had a propelling effect all over the world? During the meeting in 2004 between the regulators, Security Exchange Commission in the US and five major investment banks, a demand was made from the banks to gain exemption from the limitation on debt that they could have on their balance sheet, this demand was then accepted which resulted in investment in a riskier investment called the credit default swaps or CDS. Companies took on huge amount of debt. Bear Stearns had a leverage ratio of 1:34 (Kolb, 2010) which meant that it held $1 equity for every $34 of the debt. The mortgage industry was eventually not under the control of the fed and allowed borrowing to individuals with little money. The term coined for this kind of arrangement was NINJA loans (No Income, No Jobs or Assets). CDS was introduced initially to insure investors against bind risk but then it became a speculative instrument which became Toxic on the balance sheets of all major banks which were caught in the financial turmoil. Insurance was bought and sold for a fraction of an amount by the investors like the hedge funds only for speculative purposes. Insurance contracts were sold by banks and reported as income while there did not exist any regulatory oversight for the risk which was been taken by the banks. The risky activity of the bank bought about a southward pressure on the CDS while affected its pricing. When the prices of the CDS went own, hedge funds bought it at a cheaper rate one word which could describe the financial crisis in Paradox (Marthinsen, 2010). The trigger for the crisis was the subprime mortgage defaults. This was because funds were given to borrowers who were not credi tworthy and had high probability of default. Low interest rates and huge inflows of funds into the country made it easy for the borrowers to borrow and lenders to lend. When more people borrowed money to buy houses, the demand of property increased. As mortgage was given against the property and there was increase in property prices, agents were asked to find potential buyers so that more money can be disbursed. Loans were given to people who had high probability of default and were deemed as Sub Prime Loans. Greed at this period of time had spread like wildfire. Since the prices of homes continued to increase, many homeowners refinanced their debt by taking on new debts (Refinance their house) with lower interest rates and attractive conditions even when they knew interest rates might rise after an initial period. However, the bubble bursts as the inventory of house were just too many and this eventually led to decline in the property prices. Homeowners were unable to refinance and began defaulting on their loans which were reset to high interest rates and payment amounts. Homes were worth less then their mortgages. This led to foreclosures. This further reduced the prices of the property and real estate market in America went down. This was just not the local problem of United States. Had this process remained between lenders and borrowers then it would have been a local problem. Sub Prime lending was a very lucrative business as interest earned on loans made under this category gave 2% interest higher than normal loans would and in the event borrower default then the lender could on the assumption sell the property at higher rate. The stock markets were booming and there was enough liquidity in the system to attract investors as this business model was lucrative and it seemed that nothing could go wrong with this. Big American and European investment banks and institutions heavily bought these loans called as Mortgage Backed Securities (MBS). Now, the pr oblem was not just confined to US but spread almost across the globe. Ideally this investment vehicle was lucrative till the time house prices soared and remained at higher levels. But when the property prices started declining and loan interest rising, borrowers could not manage the second mortgage on their house and eventually led to defaulting on payments which then led to foreclosure. The loan amount exceeded the value of the property. There was no option remaining but to write of these loans. The problem became worse when prices of CDOs of American and European Investment banks started to fall. Banks capital was destroyed and portfolio was eroded. Banks like Lehmann brothers, Merrill Lynch, Bank of American suffered heavily during the crisis and had to be bailed out. Mortgage issuers require funding themselves to give money to borrowers. Funding can be achieved through external borrowing of maturity which is variable. Financial institutions were facing shortage of short term funds before and after the crisis due to diminishing liquidity in the financial position. Another source of funding is the funds from retail banks who receive the money from customer who deposit into the bank for earning interest. Such funds can be withdrawn by the customer with minimum notice. This is what happened when many customers of northern rock withdrew money from the bank when there was media hype about northern rock approaching the bank of England for short term loan facility. Northern rock had troubles in the money market where it needed money to fund its short term obligations. The global banking communities became very risk averse because of the crisis and were pulling out of assets which were even remotely considered risky. The banking inter bank market froze the world over. Liquidity was frozen and the crisis became not just memorable for all the above reasons but for the fact that such huge proportions of losses and events were never imagined. Decades earlier a r un on the bank was characterized by customers physically lining up outside the bank to withdraw money. The run can be plugged by government an initiative which requires lot of money to be pumped into the system. The same is discussed briefly in the next section. The US economy is a mixed economy where certain regulatory functions are performed by the government. Banks are different in this concern. The bloodstream of the economy is provided by the bank where people deposit their savings and expect help from the bank for individual needs or purposes. US had learned a lesson from the crisis in 1930s that an adequate measure needs to be taken by the government when people are losing their savings. There lies a moral risk when the government rescues the bank as some believe that this gives bank a free hand to take undue risk which is beyond their capabilities. But the governments usually have adequate measures to make sure that the same mistakes dont happen again as US government had during the most recent financial crisis. One of the measures that the US government facilitated the take over of bear sterns by JP Morgan. In another example the government offered $100 billion bail out package to AIG insurance group at a very high interest rate. They have also taken over 80% of shareholding in the company, more like punishing the shareholders for getting it all wrong. Freddie Mac and Fannie may were taken over even though they were considered to be US government agencies as it became necessary to protect millions of house owners in the US. The question then arises is whether why was Lehmann brothers allowed to fail while other given the support. May be because its situation had been worse for quite some time now and this way plenty of warning was given to institutions with which it had dealings. The rescue plan that the fed had introduced was to make the banks come in a position where they could generate higher level of lending. The US treasury formulated a three step process for assessing the banks hit during the crisis. All the banks had to undergo a Stress Test where it would be seen if the banks had adequate capital for them to continue lending. This test was carried out to ascertain if the banks could remain solvent if the situation worsens from the current situation they were in. Under the Capital Assistance Program, treasury would take position in the bank in terms of equity in the form of preference shares in the banks which were receiving money under the CAP. Fund Managers would then look after the trusts which have been placed by the treasury. The main motives behind lending can be summarized as follows: Get the toxic assets out of the balance sheet of the bank and getting it up and running again Restore flow of credit again by boosting lending to businesses and consumers Monitoring the money which have been pumped into system and make sure it is used for the purpose it is intended for Prevent foreclos ures and make flexible terms for borrowers with higher mortgages so that they could afford payment without facing any financial burden. Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP), an initiative by Obama is one of the measures was introduced to help borrowers make payments and save their homes. Improving small business lending and community bank lending The recent financial crisis challenged the rules of a free economy and capitalism. Rule books were re written after understanding and learning from the mistakes which were committed by certain greedy institutes which were the reason behind the mess. Even though, the economy today seems to improving from the downtrend it noticed, there are many more lessons to be learned into the course. Emerging economies like India and China were probably the silver lining in the sky during the crisis and still continue to perform at phenomenal growth rates which the rest of the world reels under negative growth numbers. The economy of the future would be more sensitive to risks as the age of tax havens and regulatory arbitage would have been passed. But for the time being, the economies which were seriously affected during the crisis are at the end, are away from being an economy where were driven by unstable bubble and unsustainable bubble after another. From the above, it can appropriately summarized that the statement of unlikely failures if the surplus and deficit units are aligned together cannot be taken on face value as there are many factors and conditions that can cause an influence.

Shale Gas Fracking As A Means Of Increasing Energy...

Title: Turning Shale to Energy: UK government investment in shale gas fracking as a means of increasing energy security Hypothesis: This project will support the view that UK government investment in shale gas fracking will decrease dependence on foreign energy imports. Research Aims: 1. To examine the role of the Middle East and Russia in the energy market and why in the last 5-10 years, the oil, coal and gas market has been deemed insecure. 2. To discuss the UK’s dependence on imports of foreign energy and why investing in shale gas resources would strengthen the state’s energy security and economy. 3. To highlight the concerns of national environmental and conservation groups on the environmental impacts of fracking. Theoretical Debate: Case Study: In the mid-1960s, sources of natural gas were found in the North Sea. By the 1980s, although coal was the primary source of electricity in the country, gas was seen as the cleanest, cheapest and most reliable source of energy available (Bradshaw, 2012, p. 7). However by 2005, North Sea production dried up and the UK was once again dependent on foreign gas imports. In 2009 imports from foreign states supplied almost half the UK’s energy needs; by 2020 this is expected to rise to between 80 and 90 percent. In 2011, the demand for gas reached 37% (Taylor, 2013, p. 109). Thus like many other countries in the EU, today the UK is debating the costs of importing energy from overseas and the importance of energy security. ThereShow MoreRelatedFracking : A Modern Technique1680 Words   |  7 PagesFracking is a modern technique to explore natural gas through a controversial procedure. The controversy about scientific evidence for the impact of fracking has raged unabated for over a d ecade. It has now become one of the most popular debates between the supporters of Greenpeace or environmentalists and the energy companies. Now it’s a centrepiece of discussion in the context of the energy solution and considered as a really important source of energy by last few decades. Recent developments inRead MoreThe Effects Of Shale Gas On Global Warming And Climate Change And The Environment1658 Words   |  7 PagesSergio Rodriguez Sci. 351A Due: 07-30-15 The Effect of Shale Gas on Global Warming and Climate Change and the Environment Global warming is a very disputed issue due to the fact that in every situation, there are two sides to a story. Some believe global warming is not an issue seeing as there have been trends in the past that indicate that the world changes constantly and that it will once again come to its natural order. Like geologist Charles Lyell once stated with his idea of uniformitarianismRead MoreU.s. Federal And State Governments1247 Words   |  5 PagesStates and other western countries have made no secret of their strategic goal of becoming energy independent. Incidentally, recent advances in hydraulic fracturing - a process used to extract oil or gas from underground formations - has contributed significantly to achieving that end. According to Terry Engelder (2011), of the Department of Geosciences at Pennsylvania State University, â€Å"There is enough domestic gas to meet our needs for the foreseeable future thanks to technological advances in hydraulicRead MoreTheu.s. Bush Announced Operation Desert Shield1242 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Golden and Hannah Wiseman (2015) writing in the Emory Law Journal, advances in oil and gas extraction technologies, such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, have significantly increased America’s fuel production capability. However, despite our move towards energy independence, these technologies are not without controversy. For example, in his article Hydraulic Fracturing: Critical for Energy Production, Jobs, and Economic Growth, Nicholas Loris (2012) highlights the concerns of severalRead MoreIs Fracking A Necessary Evil? For The United Kingdom?3414 Words   |  14 Pages Paper 4 Project 2013-14: Is fracking a ‘necessary evil’ for the United Kingdom? Candidate Number: 127 Word Count: 3000 + 381(Bibliography) = 3381 Introduction Since 2004 the UK has been a net importer of natural gas, as the North Sea reserves have been exploited and nearly exhausted. Today, ten years later, the UK has become even more dependent on foreign gas with over 50% of demand for gas satisfied by foreign supply (Gloystein, 2013). This increasing dependence on foreign countriesRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Revolution1895 Words   |  8 Pages INTRODUCTION The Shale gas revolution has demonstrated a quantum leap from almost nothing in 2000 to over 30 billion cubic metres in 2011. This caused a crash of natural gas prices in the United States, significantly changing the country’s natural gas future outlook (Mangeri, 2012). The US oil and gas fracking revolution is a new paradigm which has made the country a game changer in the oil and gas scheme of things, and has immense implications for economics, energy and geopolitics. It is projectedRead MoreFracking: Natural Gas1936 Words   |  8 PagesFracking is a modern technique to explore natural gas through a controversial procedure. The controversy about scientific evidence for the impact of fracking has raged unabated for over a decade. It has now become one of the most popular debates between the supporters of Greenpeace or environmentalists and the energy companies. Now it’s a centrepiece of discussion in the context of the energy solution and considered as a really impor tant source of energy by last few decades. Recent developments inRead MoreIndia s Production Of Shale Gas3074 Words   |  13 Pages Challenges in the Production of Shale Gas in the United States and in Logistics and Transportation of Natural Gas in Russia Research presented to the GRP: Global Energy – Competing Perspectives from Western PA to Eastern Europe course, taught by Prof. Susan M Hicks. Pittsburgh June 2015 â€Æ' ABSTRACT This research report examines the challenges in the production of Shale Gas in the United States and In Logistics and Transportation of Natural Gas in Russia in the past recent yearsRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing And Its Effects On The United States2334 Words   |  10 Pagesnatural gas reserves. While it shows promise as both a valuable economic resource as well as a source of energy independence, many oppose the practice due to alleged environmental dangers. In order to foster a greater understanding of the issues at hand, the following topics are discussed: what hydraulic fracturing is, how it is performed, and where it is located in the United States and abroad; how it has benefited the United States’ economy and how it can support the United States’ energy needs;Read MoreHydraulic Fracturing For Natural Gas And Oil Production3155 Words   |  13 PagesFracturing for Natural Gas and Oil Production Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is a technology that has been in use in the oil and natural gas industry for many years dating back to 1947 producing over six hundred trillion cubic feet of natural gas and over seven billion barrels of oil. In today’s world, further steps have been taken by merging horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing in an effort to increase productivity of natural gas and oil. In the US economy today, the increasing implementation of

Studies of Social Media and its Effects on Adolescent’s...

Throughout the years, technology has evolved into something people cannot live without. Mixed in with all of the improvements, social media has become a major asset in the lives of people. Social media can include websites like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, but can also include video games and magazines. However, social media is not always genuine. In the mindset of adolescents, these medias help to create unrealistic ideas of who they are and who they should be. As if going through puberty isn’t difficult enough, teenagers are raised to face these phony thoughts everyday. One of the top problems that boys and girls experience is the way they view their body; commonly referred to as â€Å"body image.† Our media-saturated world provides many†¦show more content†¦It is said that it is easier to communicate with an individual through technology than it is to communicate face-to-face. These negative comments are a major factor when it comes to negative self-este em. Many websites are currently being sponsored by hundreds of advertisements. They are primarily aimed to emphasize the importance of being attractive. Sexually objectified images of girls and women, along with boys and men in advertisements, are most likely to appear in magazines, video games and on television. There is a video that came out in early 2014 that demonstrated what various food advertisements would look like if the females were switched out with males. The results were awkward and did not display the full potential the companies were originally trying to achieve. This is an example of advertisements primarily aimed to â€Å"please the public† rather than exhibiting a realistic setting. With the help of editing software, including the highly popular Adobe Photoshop, these programs assist in airbrushing and â€Å"fixing† models. Thus, resulting in adolescents wanting to look like what they see in the media. Media contributes to the establishment of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. Long-term exposure of media during early childhood lays the foundation for the negative effects of media during adolescence. Magazine reading, social comparisons, and critical body image processing are important predictors of body image and eating disturbances forShow MoreRelatedThe Differences between the Self-Esteem of Boys and Girls During Puberty1247 Words   |  5 Pagesis a time of many changes. Your body changes, your voice can change, and your emotions are on overdrive. The changes going through an adolescent’s body can be very confusing. Not everyone going through puberty knows what is happening to them. Plus, even if an understanding is there, it can be very uncomfortable. Almost every part of an adolescent’s body is affected when going through puberty. Psychologically, an adolescent is affected too. One psychological effect of puberty is a decreased self-esteemRead MoreThe Influence of Celebrites on Adolescent’s Fashion Choices2326 Words   |  10 PagesThe Influence of celebrites on adolescent’s fashion choices Ervine L. Montgomery Bowie State University CELEBRITIES INFLUENCE ON ADOLESCENT’S FASHION CHOICES 2 Abstract The research indicated that celebrities have an impact in adolescent’s fashion ideas. This study aims to determine the clothing choices of adolescents and to gather feedback on the influence of celebrities on adolescent fashion choices. An open-ended questionnaire, was giving to highRead MoreThe Effects Of Nutrition On Children s Self Image And Lifestyle Essay1966 Words   |  8 PagesIn todays society, media increases the public knowledge of young adults or adolescents about things such as healthy diets, looking fit, having that summer body or the abs you desire. It has been identified that could this publication of self-concept the way someone â€Å"evaluates or perceives themselves† (Mcleod, 2008) somewhat effecting the nutrition of Australian adolescents and could this have devastating effects on our society? The Dietitians Association Of Australia states â€Å"good nutrition is criticalRead MoreThe Effects Of Nutrition On Children s Self Image And Lifestyle Essay 1990 Words   |  8 PagesIn todays society, the media increases the public knowledge of young adults or adolescents about things such as healthy diets, looking fit, having that summer body or the abs you desire. It has been identified that this publication of self-concept the way someone â€Å"evaluates or perceives themselves† (Mcleod, 2008) could somewhat be effecting the nutrition of Australian adolescents and possibly having a devastating effects on our society. The Dietitians Association Of Australia states â€Å"good nutritionRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Media On Body Image1255 Words   |  6 Pagesother health related images and videos on social media, online magazines/blogs, and mass media in general. Mass media has caused an enormous amount of controversy within the last few years concerning body image and what is politically correct. However, mass media’s impact on health can be beneficial if it is used the correct way. The social media aspect of mass medi a has become something that is involved in most people’s everyday lives; and it’s not going away anytime soon. Mass media posts need to beRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Its Effects On Society1514 Words   |  7 PagesAnorexia. Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder in which people suffering drastically restrict food intake due to an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. There has been an unfortunate increase in people suffering from Anorexia Nervosa over the past several decades. Anorexia can be caused by a combination of social, interpersonal, and psychological factors that must be resolved through treatment. Anorexia is an extremely dangerous disorder that results in death for many peopleRead MoreSocial Networking Affects Our Youth939 Words   |  4 Pages Social networking has become a norm in our society. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, Myspace are but a few examples of the relatively new phenomenon of online social networking that play a significant role in our daily lives. The popularity of online social networking sites is constantly growing having people of all ages signing up for this sites y the million. Social networking has without a doubt contributed to many positive things in our lives, it allows us to share and communicate withRead MoreBody Image And Self Esteem Among Adolescents1685 Words   |  7 PagesBody Image and Self-Esteem among Adolescents The topic of body image is an issue that we see amongst many adolescents all around the world. This huge issue can be dealt by adults but the main victim of body imaging are adolescents. Everywhere, anyone goes, there is example of what society considers â€Å"beautiful.† Even if someone is not completely studying it, their subconscious is still registering all of the images and words to what society thinks is a perfect body. Everyday there are people thatRead MoreMiddle Childhood and Adolescence Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment PSY/375 1-24-11 Deborah Wilkerson Middle Childhood and Adolescence Development Changes in Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood and Adolescence Statistics say that in the stages in middle adolescence 30% of the child’s social life and interactions there are a great stage of peer pressure. These results were compared to the 10% that is experienced during the early childhood. They show that they are competent by demonstrating their behaviors in these peer groupsRead MoreSocial Media And Social Networking1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthe first email was delivered, social media has taken the world by a storm with millions of demographic groups choosing to connect through social networking platforms that facilitate a multifaceted level of online communication. As of May 2011, Facebook was named the number one social networking site with over one billion users and 864 million daily active users (Satici Uysal, 2015, p.185). The surging popularity of Facebook, which was designed to foster social interaction, is unprecedented. Conversely

The New Trend on the Rise Is Pop-Up Stores free essay sample

Between street marketing and traditional boutique, for a few days, few weeks, few months, or for an indefinite period, Pop-up stores are ephemeral store custom created for the brand or product showcase. More user-friendly and interactive than traditional stores, these stores play mainly with the atmosphere which must symbolize a product or brand identity. As the company says, My Pop Up Store, specializing in the creation of ephemeral stores, Pop-up stores enable companies or brands to enjoy a seasonal, celebrate a big event, launch a new product or repositioning. The idea is to highlight the world of a product, brand or business (traditional for the upgrade or new to anchor) through the stores decor and activities that are proposed. Finally, like any fad, and as it is still an innovative practice in France, launching a pop-up store gives the company the status of a pioneering communication company at the forefront of the trend. It is an important asset for companies whose turnover is related to fashion, new technology or who need to prove they are connected. THE FENOMENOUS Pop-up shops, temporary stores that have sprung up in shopping destinations worldwide, have a tendency to draw in huge crowds, buzzing with exclusivity and spontaneity. After all, who can deny the inner hipster in us just itching for items that only a few thousand will have the opportunity to own? Veritably, pop-up stores are glorified One-of-a-Kind Shows, in miniature. A few years ago, when cheap real estate was scarce, pop-up stores were a major investment for marketers. Now temporary stores have emerged as a perfect solution for cash-strapped brands, commission-hungry brokers and landlords faced with a glut of commercial real-estate space. Brands are using these interim spaces as a means to create buzz, test new concepts or even evaluate a new neighborhood or city. While temporary stores first began popping up with some regularity in 2003, sky-high rents and a lack of available space made them a massive undertaking for brands. Now, in the midst of the recession, the shops are being viewed as a logical, and even inexpensive, marketing tool. In the past few months, high-end brands including Hermes, Emilio Pucci and La Perla have embraced the pop-up-shop concept, as have Gap, Seven For All Mankind, Daffys and others. But its not just limited to fashion brands. Furniture designer Kenyan Lewis, wine bar MADCrush, chef Tom Colicchio, and the New Jersey Division of Travel and Tourism have also jumped on the pop-up wagon. Though pop-up retail has established itself in the industry as hip and cool, it creates a frenzied experience and gives new meaning to the term impulse shopping. There is a fine line between exclusive shopping and a hyped-up marketing stunt. Regardless of whether or not the pop-up shop will ever replace shopping at tried and true static outlets, these ad hoc retail installations are a mainstay for shopaholics and trend-hunters alike. Opening up a pop-up store can generate a lot of buzz for the brand, said Mike Kraus, retail adviser for AllBusiness. com. In a media marketplace thats fragmented, [brands] are tr ying to find interesting ways to reach the public. No matter who opens one and where it opens, media is covering it. Brushfire Marketing, which worked with the New Jersey Division of Travel and Tourism on the Jersey Shore Store, said the temporary shop garnered nearly $1 million in earned media. The agency said the store led to 46 broadcast segments and 21 print and online placements. On average, 1,000 visitors passed through the store each week and 500 pieces of collateral were handed out daily. ONE-ON-ONE MARKETING Its one-on-one marketing, Mr. Leonardi said. In a recession, when marketers are looking for alternatives, they need to ask how can they do something different, something maybe less expensive, something thats not a long-term investment. People familiar with the real-estate business say that, today, landlords are much more likely to entertain temporary tenants. And in many cases, rents are significantly cheaper than they were just a year ago. Indeed, brands are finding av ailability in major cities such as New York, Boston, Los Angeles, Miami, London, Paris and Hong Kong, as well as smaller towns such as East Hampton, New York. The rules of the game have changed, Mr. Kraus said. [Brands] are finding that they can jump into a space for a few months, and theyre not stuck with having to sign a five-year lease. Faith Hope Consolo, chairman of the retail division at Prudential Douglas Elliman, said landlords are embracing the shops in part because it keeps activity on the street alive. If a street starts to become quiet, shoppers will move on to other areas and may not return, even when business picks up, she said. Landlords love these shops. It gives them some income while they continue to search for and negotiate with permanent tenants. And in some cases, these temporary stores can become the permanent tenants, she said. [Brands] get to test retail or a new product line or format at a greatly reduced cost. This is a win-win situation during a challenging retail time. Probably the hardest part of determining what pop-ups mean for regular retailers is the fact that they are so hard to classify anything goes. For instance, sisters Caillianne, Samantha and Chloe Beckerman, designers of the label Beckerman , hosted a pop-up lounge event at Yonge-Dundas Square in Toronto earlier this month. The Summer Lounge is pretty much exactly what it sounds like a chance to sip drinks and enjoy music while perusing a curated selection of Hamp;Ms upcoming summer collection. Others prefer a smorgasbord of brands not readily available in the country; like Sauvage , which opened in Queen Wests Burroughes Building, offering handbags and accessories from labels that have never made their way to Toronto. Weve even seen the emergence of restaurant pop-ups, with celebrity and notable chefs headlining the designers of the foodie world. Its the ultimate way for chefs to boost their personal brands, as young chef Matthew Sullivan did with his pop-up dinner series, Boxed. Even once-a-year-dinner-parties are gaining traction with celebrity chefs, in particular, the Banana Mafia. If their moniker alone isnt enough to sell you on the concept, these notable Toronto chefs, such as Nick Liu, Robbie Hojilla, Jeff Claudio and more, recently held their inaugural Asian Street Market party, which already has foodies tummies rumbling for next years event. BENEFITS While the lack of long term commitment is most appealing, there are also many other advantages to opening a pop up shop. For starters, it’s a great way to explore new neighborhoods, cities or even other states in an effort to test new markets for a permanent storefront. Additionally, pop up shops offer multiple vendors a chance to display their products together, creating powerful merchandising opportunities that translate into sales. The benefits for retailers are unequivocal, especially for independent and lesser known designers. For one, only operating on a temporary basis means not having to fork out the cash for highly sought-after real estate in prime shopping areas especially during slow months (because who wants to shop in January and February anyway? ). Its our primal instinct to want the things we cant have. So it goes without saying that spontaneity, coupled with high-end designers and exclusive collections will have us throwing cash at retailers. For shopping and fashion purists, pop-ups represent the hunt. Theres nothing more satisfying than landing a piece from a designer who may not sell in your city (an all-too-familiar horror in Canada), and to rub elbows with the fashion industrys noteworthy insiders. Its becoming evident that the pop-up shop has to keep up and deliver on the hype and buzz (as well as chaos and frenzy). The products themselves are only the beginning; celebrities, exclusive collections, lounges and parties certainly deliver on what they promise. The pop-up might represent a marketing agents wet dream, but were okay with that, since we get to reap the benefits too. TARGETED CONSUMER Pop-up store are particularly segmenting. They are intended for particular audiences, clearly defined and targeted. This is also the principle and interest of these ephemeral stores: address a potential target consumer using the codes it work. As shown by several studies in recent months, the overall consumption (especially with the advent of the net) is currently moving towards a greater segmentation. Brands will increasingly specialize and products covering risk losing market share. In this economic and social individualization of consumption, Pop-up store targeted communities seem to be one appropriate response. In this it seems logical to predict yet beautiful days at this new marketing tool. Five Things to Consider Before Popping Up 1. Do your research. Is the space empty because of a lack of foot traffic in the area or because of some issue with the property? Remember the space is vacant for a reason. 2. Dont scrimp. Even though the space is temporary, you should budget for a build out that is in keeping with the brands image. 3. Get creative. As pop-ups become the norm, youll need more effort to attract attention. DJs, freebies, special events, celebrity appearances and contests keep the publicity rolling. 4. Dont expect a profit. Pop-up stores are more about buzz than sales. But the longer a store is open the more likely youll be profitable. 5. Take a chance. Try a new neighborhood, a new design, a new product, a new marketing tack. If it doesnt work, its only temporary. Thats the beauty of a pop-up. EXEMPLES OF POP-UP STORE NICOLA FORMICHETTI The fashion icon Nicola Formichetti has created its own brand of haute couture. To inaugurate the launch of the brand, it was also decided to create a pop-up store named Nicolas where he will present a retrospective of his work with his new creations to highlight its style, anchoring his mark an artistic universe. For the event, Nicola Formichetti took to his blog, tumblr , and twitter account, an announcement of a contest to collaborate with him in the construction of it. The announcement brought architects and construction companies from all over the world, to present their ideas to the unorthodox Formichetti. Designer for Mugler, stylist for Lady GaGa and creative director for Uniqlo, MAC, Vogue Japan and V Magazine, Nicola Formichetti is unstoppable. Coinciding with fashion week, this new installation is only viewable for 2 weeks and is intended to fuse fashion and architecture to create a new creative space. Gage/Clemenceau Architects, the winners from the BOFFO contest, a non profit organization that organized the contest for the temporary installation. The duo of architects has been working closely with Nicola, who decided them as winners, just by looking at the first page of their proposal. HERMES For the first time since its inception in 1837, Hermes have opened in May 14th 2012 its ephemeral boutique rue de Sevres in Paris. It is located in the same street as the main store. The pop up store, designed by Stephane Parmentier, is dedicated to Women shoes. You can discover the exclusive shoes collection Spring-Summer 2012 and the upcoming Fall-Winter 2012/2013, designed by the creative director of the brand Pierre Hardy. This uncluttered space to house code 2012 evokes the theme the time ahead. The shop now host the new Hermes Chinese brand Shang Xia. LOUIS VUITTON For the launch of a capsule collection Louis Vuitton x Yayoi Kusama, Louis Vuitton rolls out seven pop-up shops worldwile. The pop-up outlets opened for one to two months, offering a range of spotted trench coats, handbags, and other accessories created with the artist for Louis Vuitton. The European branches had also exclusively offer tentacle-festooned handbags two months ahead of their scheduled launch date. Louis Vuitton creative director Marc Jacobs must have been so taken with Kusama when she presented him with a customized a Louis Vuitton Ellipse bag during his first visit to her studio in 2006 that she should get special treatment. Out of the three other artists — Stephen Sprouse, Takashi Murakami, and Richard Prince — Jacobs selected to partner with the brand, Kusama is the only one to have multiple pop-up shops in her line’s honor. GUERLAIN Prelude to expansion work of the 68 avenue Champs Elysees, Guerlain opened his own pop-up store, avant-garde space and interactive animation for several workshops in connection with home products. Aesthetics and mischievous daring decoration translate the codes and symbols emblematic of Guerlain in an atmosphere of total modernity. The decoration was designed by Patricia GROSDEMANGE, House Architect, in collaboration with artists and designers such as Nathalie Auzepy Catherine Square and Maryse Dugois-Guillope. Each symbol (filter perfumers, honeycomb, flasks) was diverted to illustrate the ability of Guerlain maintain its history and tradition in the heart of the image while updating. A decoration which also democratize the brand prestige giving it a quirky and fun character. And the concept of pop-up store is extended into the workshops. At the entrance, the Art Box makes a point on Guerlain actuality and the newness. The Perfumers Workshop decorated with cones, bottles and raw materials, unveils Thierry Wasser’s creations, the nose of the house. Visitors can even consult an expert to help them choose the fragrance that suits them.